All About Computer Network and CIDR

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Networking and CIDR

Hey Folks,

As you have read today's topic, it is on Networking & CIDR. Nothing can work without Networking, here today we will be looking at Computer Networking and its use in upcoming technology and how Networking plays a very important role in the Next-Era where Machines will rule the world.

Let's first discuss Computer Networking!

What is Networking?

If we want to answer the above question in a layman's understanding, Networking is nothing but a bridge between 2 Entities / Parties / Body / Things.

Also as mentioned above in the terms of computer networking is nothing but a bridge used between 2 computers (Here the computer is referred to as Nodes i.e any device like Laptop, Desktop, Mobile, etc).

In professional terms let's look at the definition:

Computer networking relates to linked computing nodes that can share data and exchange resources with each other. These interconnected devices use a set of rules, called communications protocols, to transfer information over a bridge known as a router or switch using LAN.

Now moving ahead let's see how many types are there in computer networking:

Types of Computer Networking:

1. PAN - Personal Area Network

Personal Area Network

2. LAN - Local Area Network

Local Area Network

3. MAN - Metropolitan Area Network


Metropolitan Area Network

4. WAN - Wide Area Network

Wide Area Network

Types of Networking Topologies:

There are many types of network topologies but some most widely used and famous are mentioned below:

Mesh Topology:

Mesh Topology

Star Topology:
Star Topology

Bus Topology:
Bus Topology

Ring Topology:
Ring Topology

Tree Topology:

Tree Topology

So where exactly do these Network layers exist in the whole scenario?

For that, we need to look at the OSI model.

What is OSI Model?

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It has 7 Layers to keep any application/Software keep working.

OSI Model

Let's see now what is CIDR & how networking is been assigned what is IP address and what are IP range.

What is CIDR?

CIDR means - Classless Inter-Domain Routing, now what does this exactly mean? These are very high-level terms right? Let's check it out.

CIDR is a set of IP standards that are used to create rare identifiers for networks and every connected device.

CIDR IP addresses include two groups of numbers, which are also referred to as groups of bits.

1. Network Address - Identify a network or a sub-network (subnet).

2. Host Identifier - The host identifier is used to specify which device on the network should receive incoming packets.

Range of All Classes

Class A  : 1.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
Class B  : 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
Class C  : 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
Class D  : 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
Class E  : 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

Host IP

What actually is IP Address?

An IP address is a chain of numbers divided by periods.

IP addresses are declared as a set of four numbers - an example address might be 192.168.0.58. Each number in the set can range from 0 to 255. So, the full IP addressing range goes from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

How are IP divided and how to calculate IP Range in the CIDR class?

CIDR Calculation

Link to Check CIDR Range: https://www.ipaddressguide.com/cidr

Further Classes are been divided as below:

Class
Class A - Over 16 million host identifiers
Class B - 65,535 host identifiers
Class C - 254 host identifiers
Class D & E - Reserved for Future.

Subnet Mask Hierarchy

Subnet Mask Hierarchy

Some Quick key points to remember:
  • 2^(32-CIDR)= number of devices on the local network
  • The number of valid hosts is always two less than the subnet block

Thanks & Regards,

Tapan Patni
Email: tapanpatni58@gmail.com
Location: C-2/284, Chokhandi Char Rasta, Baranpur, Navapura, Vadodara, Gujarat 390001, India

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